Science Fair Project Ideas That Win Awards - Project #18 - Candy Science [sciencetechnology-center.blogspot.com]
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Objective
The aim of this experiment is to find out which colors are used to coat well-known colored candies using a technique called color chromatography.
Introduction
A method that science fair experiments use to differentiate between various components of a mixture or solution is called chromatography. In case you have a colored mixture, paper chromatography can help you see each color component differently on the paper.
Do you remember what happened the last time when a water drop fell on your inkjet printout? The water spread along the capillaries of the paper, and in the process it carried along with it the particles of ink, giving your printout a smudged or blotted look. The same process that ruined your printout can be used in science fair experiments for a good purpose. Again, this process is known as paper chromatography.
In this experiment you will compare the Rf value of food dyes used in color ed candy with the Rf value of components of food dyes that you know.
Material
M&M candies, minimum 30 paper strips, wide-mouth jar, ruler, pencil, salt, tape, toothpicks, water, red, blue and green food colors.
Note: Use paper strips of size 3cm x 9cm or whichever size suits you. All strips should be of the same size. You may use white coffee cone filters or special chromatography paper.
Procedure
Mark each paper strip with the color that you will apply on it. Mark a 2 cm border at the bottom of each strip placed vertically by using a pencil. This line will be used as the origin line where you will apply a spot of the candy color. Now dissolve some dye from the candy to be tested. Place a candy on a water drop on a flat plate. After about one minute, remove the candy. Dip a toothpick in this colored drop. Apply the candy color in the form of a spot on the origin line on the chromatography paper. After the spot dries, repeat the same procedure three times more in order to place sufficient dye on the paper and allow it to separate out. Make five different strips in the same way. We make 5 different strips to get five different Rf values and then find the average, something that is often done in science fair experiments. Now repeat steps 3 and 4 for the second colored candy that needs to be tested. Repeat step 3 and 4 for the third colored candy that needs to be tested. Now take some known food dyes and repeat steps 3 and 4 for each dye. Prepare 1% salt solution as a chromatography solvent by dissolving 1/8th teaspoon of salt in 3 cups of water. Pour just a little amount of this solution in a wide-mouthed jar. Tape your spotted chromatography strip onto a pencil. Now place the pencil on the mouth of the jar in such a way that the strip just touches the solvent surface. Allow the solvent to rise up due to capillary action, taking with it particles of the dye. Once it has almost reached the top remove the strip and mark the height the solvent has travelled by using a pencil. After the strip dries, the Rf value for every candy color must be measured. The same must be done for the known food dyes. The average Rf of the 5 repeated strips of each candy color must be calculated. The same must be done for the known food dyes. Compare the Rf value of the candy colors with those of the food dyes. Which candy color matches which food dye?Record your findings to show the exact colors contained in each candy as the success of science fair experiments depend upon the data recorded and the results displayed.
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